[Ncsg-discuss] Is ICANN helping to subvert its own governance model?

Anriette Esterhuysen anriette at APC.ORG
Sun Nov 16 18:51:36 EET 2025


Oh.. and thanks a lot for deleting the original last paragraph :)

Anriette Esterhuysen -anriette at apc.org//anriette at gmail.com

On 2025/11/16 18:19, Mueller, Milton L wrote:
>
> Anriette,
> Thanks for your comments. I think your question about the relationship 
> between the African Union and Smart Africa (SA) is an important one to 
> pursue. It is relevant if SA succeeds in establishing some kind of 
> Council (CAIGA) that has supervisory authority over AFRINIC. I think 
> that is a bad idea and I also think it is highly unlikely. But as a 
> partner of SA, ICANN needs to confront this question.
>
> As for "generalizations about the region and its governments," sorry 
> if you read that into the article. No such generalizations were 
> intended. Your misinterpretation shows that nationalism and identity 
> politics are big obstacles to clear thinking about Internet 
> governance, especially in this case. There is no statement anywhere in 
> that blog, or in anything I have ever written, that says Africa is 
> "inherently" unstable or undemocratic. Inherent means "existing in 
> something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute." No, 
> the article merely calls attention to the fact that many of its 
> current governments are undemocratic or unstable, which is a fact. 
> Some African governments are not unstable or undemocratic, and there 
> is certainly long term hope that stability and liberal democracy will 
> come to additional African states.
>
> The point is, all these governments would be part of a board that 
> wants to govern AFRINIC. So what kind of principles and policies would 
> ensue? Geopolitics and national interests are "inherent" features of 
> multilateral, government institutions. That is my argument, and it 
> applies to all regions, not just Africa.
>
> The article advocates for *self-governance* of AFRINIC by its 
> *members, * and opposes an overlay of state-directed control. This is 
> what we mean by "the multistakeholder model," is it not? My rejection 
> of state control and digital sovereignty applies to the U.S. 
> government, to European governments, etc. Our current experience with 
> the Trump administration and its nationalistic, nativist, 
> sovereigntist policies is an excellent example of why I don't want 
> states setting policies for the global coordination of Internet 
> identifiers. It also explains why I was and remain a big advocate of 
> eliminating U.S. control of ICANN during the 2014-2016 transition. I 
> think I have been perfectly consistent about this.
>
> Dr. Milton L Mueller
>
> Georgia Institute of Technology
>
> Carter School of Public Policy
>
> <https://internetgovernance.org>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> *From:* Anriette Esterhuysen <anriette at apc.org>
> *Sent:* Sunday, November 16, 2025 10:44 AM
> *To:* Mueller, Milton L <milton at GATECH.EDU>; 
> NCSG-DISCUSS at LISTSERV.SYR.EDU <NCSG-DISCUSS at LISTSERV.SYR.EDU>
> *Subject:* Re: Is ICANN helping to subvert its own governance model?
>
> Dear Milton
>
>
> You are often the person that asks tough questions in an 
> uncompromising way. I like and value that about you even when I don't 
> agree with you :) But speaking as an African I would appreciate it if 
> you could do so without making generalisations about the region and 
> its governments. Africa is not inherently 'unstable' or undemocratic, 
> as you imply.  In fact, living in the US at present you probably have 
> firsthand knowledge of how erratic states and their leaders can be and 
> how risky it is to make assumptions about them.
>
>
> From my perspective as someone who has tried to follow the process 
> closely, but from a distance, I do have questions over and above those 
> in the NCSG letter, but they can wait for a bit later and should be 
> addressed to the AfriNIC board and to Smart Africa and the  African Union.
>
>
> For example, does the MOU between Smart Africa and the African Union 
> Commission include commitment to comply with the AU's Data Policy 
> Framework 
> <https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/42078-doc-DATA-POLICY-FRAMEWORKS-2024-ENG-V2.pdf>, 
> and the AU Declaration on Internet Governance 
> <https://au.int/sites/default/files/newsevents/workingdocuments/33025-wd-african_declaration_on_internet_governance_en_0.pdf> which 
> affirms freedom of expression, openness and the WSIS  principles of 
> multistakeholder participation? And, will Smart Africa int is 
> interaction/support of AfriNIC adhere to  the African Commission on 
> Human and People's Rights Declaration of Principles on Freedom of 
> Expression <cid:part2.Naj000J0.A4kgHMma at apc.org>. The latter is a 
> particularly strong document and shaped by multistakeholder 
> consultation and in particular civil  society input.  AfriNIC has in 
> the past been active in the formulation of AU internet-related policies.
>
>
> I also have questions on how Smart Africa, which is indeed doing good 
> work and filling a gap left by the lack of capacity at the African 
> Union Commission, plans to work with civil society and promote and 
> protect human rights in its digital governance work.  While Smart 
> Africa does not exclude civil society, it does seem to practice its 
> multistakeholder approach primarily through working with the private 
> sector. AfriNIC also always needed to strengthen its connections with 
> civil society. I hope  that new board will help make that happen.
>
>
> These are not questions for ICANN but I think they are questions 
> relevant to many NCSG members involved in internet governance in 
> Africa (and beyond).   Emmanuel and others, if you do have some of the 
> answers to my questions, please share.
>
>
> Thanks
>
>
> Anriette
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Anriette Esterhuysen - anriette at apc.org//anriette at gmail.com 
> <mailto:anriette at apc.org//anriette at gmail.com>
> On 2025/11/14 17:50, Mueller, Milton L wrote:
>
>     I support the letter 100%
>
>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     *From:* Rafik Dammak <rafik.dammak at gmail.com>
>     <mailto:rafik.dammak at gmail.com>
>     *Sent:* Friday, November 14, 2025 1:55 AM
>     *To:* NCSG <ncsg-discuss at listserv.syr.edu>
>     <mailto:ncsg-discuss at listserv.syr.edu>; ncsg-pc
>     <ncsg-pc at lists.ncsg.is> <mailto:ncsg-pc at lists.ncsg.is>
>     *Cc:* Mueller, Milton L <milton at gatech.edu> <mailto:milton at gatech.edu>
>     *Subject:* Re: [NCSG-Discuss] Is ICANN helping to subvert its own
>     governance model?
>     hi all,
>
>     thanks for the comments and input to letter, here the new version
>     after resolving the changes
>     https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CPgRLILaCtsda8YRA4mUtElLXYS6udjF8cHvTo2AXHI/edit?tab=t.0
>     <https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CPgRLILaCtsda8YRA4mUtElLXYS6udjF8cHvTo2AXHI/edit?tab=t.0> .
>     If there is no strong objection or concern, we can send this
>     letter asap to the board for consideration, hopefully by the end
>     of the day.
>
>     Best,
>
>     Rafik
>
>     Le jeu. 13 nov. 2025 à 23:08, Mueller, Milton L
>     <00001d75540da649-dmarc-request at listserv.syr.edu
>     <mailto:00001d75540da649-dmarc-request at listserv.syr.edu>> a écrit :
>
>
>         > I want to urge NCSG members that as we ask for more
>         information, we do so without undermining AfriNIC's new board
>         > and the efforts of this board and those working with it to
>         stabilise AfriNIC. They need our support.
>
>         Absolutely correct. The focus should be on CAIGA proposal,
>         which deviates from multistakeholder principles, the new
>         Afrinic board has very little to do with that as far as I know.
>
>
>         Dr. Milton L Mueller
>
>         Georgia Institute of Technology
>
>         School of Public Policy
>
>         <https://internetgovernance.org>
>
>
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