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    <p><font face="Gentium Book Basic">Thanks so much Farzaneh for this.</font></p>
    <div>
      <p><span style="color: #888888;"><span style="font-family: arial,
            sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">---</span></span></span>
      </p>
      <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><span style="font-family: arial,
          sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><span>Best Regards,</span></span></p>
      <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong><span
              style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="font-family: calibri,
                helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span style="background:
                    #fcfdfe">Ephraim Percy Kenyanito</span></span></span></span></strong></span></p>
      <span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #1f497d;"><span
            style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>Senior
              Programme Officer: Digital</span></span></span><strong><span
            style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="font-family: calibri,
              helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span style="background:
                  #fcfdfe"><br>
                </span></span></span></span></strong></span></div>
    <div><br>
      <div><img
src="https://www.wholegraindigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/A19_30_logo_rgb-150x87.jpg"
          alt="Article 19"></div>
      <span style="font-size: 9pt;"><strong><span style="color:
            #ff0000;"><span style="font-family: calibri, helvetica,
              sans-serif;"><span><span style="background: #fcfdfe"> </span></span></span></span></strong></span></div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>
      <p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73,
          125); font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-family: arial,
            sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong><span
                    style="color: #ff0000;"><span style="font-family:
                      calibri, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span><span
                          style="background: #fcfdfe">ARTICLE 19 </span></span></span></span></strong></span>Defending
              Freedom of Expression and Information</span></span></span></p>
      <span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #f05133;"><span
            style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>W </span></span></span><a
          href="http://www.article19.org/" target="_blank"><span
            style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: arial,
              sans-serif;"><span>www.article19.org</span></span></span></a></span>
      <div><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #f05133;"><span
              style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>Tw </span></span></span><a
            href="http://twitter.com/#!/article19org" target="_blank"><span
              style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: arial,
                sans-serif;"><span>@article19org</span></span></span></a></span><br>
      </div>
      <div><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #f05133;"><span
              style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>Fa </span></span></span><a
            href="http://www.facebook.com/article19org" target="_blank"><span
              style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: arial,
                sans-serif;"><span>facebook.com/article19org</span></span></span></a></span><br>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #f05133;"><span
            style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>PGP
              Fingerprint</span></span></span><span style="color:
          #000000;"><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>:</span></span></span><span
          style="color: #888888;"><span> </span></span><span
          style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: arial,
            sans-serif;"><span>B0FA394AF73DEB7AA1FDC7360CFED26DE6BA8DC1</span></span></span></span></div>
    <div> </div>
    <span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="color: #f05133;"><span
          style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><span>Book a meeting</span></span></span><span
        style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><span>: </span></span><a
        href="https://calendly.com/ekenyanito" target="_blank">https://calendly.com/ekenyanito</a></span>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/6/19 5:28 PM, farzaneh badii
      wrote:<br>
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cite="mid:CAN1qJvB=NjPwuwyZx1wrJMTxQYqEN5gdgo5LANmWdxsEB7fzAQ@mail.gmail.com">
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Hi everyone </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">We will have a DNS
          Abuse session in Montreal at 10.30 AM today (in an hour).
          Stephanie asked me to be on the panel providing the
          non-commercial perspective. </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">As far as I know and as
          they informed me during the planning meeting for this, Bruce
          Tonkin has formatted it roughly as such:</div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">1. What is DNS abuse. </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I don't think
          our problem rests in the definition of DNS abuse but we have
          been struggling with not having a thorough governance
          mechanism for fighting with abuse. We need to have policies,
          an implementation plan and dispute resolution. We only have
          patches of solutions but not a governance mechanism. </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Here I want to
          emphasize the solely technical aspect of DNS abuse. DNS is a
          tool that can be used to carry out crimes and to a much
          greater extent, it can be used to facilitate our
          communications, global interconnectedness, e-commerce and many
          more human life activities that can lead to prosperity.   We
          need to refrain from re-opening the issue of DNS abuse
          definition every time. DNS abuse has a limited technical
          meaning, it is in the RAAs and by no means, it relates to the
          content.  Re-opening the discussion on definition only has
          merits if there are novel criminal activities that are
          directly and solely related to the usage of the DNS. </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"> </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">2. What is the role of
          ICANN: Just because the usage of DNS can be detected in a
          grand criminal scheme does not mean we have to and can combat
          that crime through ICANN. ICANN becomes a convenient policy
          forum to go to because its mission is related to the DNS but
          that doesn't mean that we can and need to resolve all the 
          crimes that are somehow related to DNS or have used the DNS
          among other things through ICANN. Wanting to resolve all
          crimes that someone had DNS involved can hamper the
          distributed and open nature of the Internet. ICANN should not
          become the cetralized go to place for combatting with all
          sorts of crimes. sometimes DNS is used but the crime committed
          through a wide variety of other technical deceptions, for
          example through insecure protocols or social engineering.
          These subtlities have to be considered when we want to discuss
          them at  ICANN.</div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">3. Registries
          registrars: incentives, sharing best practices  etc.<br>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">There has to be a clear
          line between what registries and registrars want to do with
          regards to DNS abuse and what ICANN should tell them to do. I
          personally don't like ICANN be used as a venue to share
          practices about content regulation even if it's not binding it
          reflects a wrong image about ICANN's mission to the public.</div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">4. How should
          registries and registrars combat egregious content: I believe
          if registries and registrars want to do something about
          egregious content they need to have again a governance
          mechanism. They need to have transparent policies, policies on
          implementation and dispute resolution. The legitimacy of
          decisionmaking and their authority will be hampered should
          they make arbitrary decision. They will be more prone to
          government pressure as well if they don't have a thorough
          governance mechanism. </div>
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          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I am sorry, sending
          this in late but I just managed to put them all together.</div>
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              <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Farzaneh </font></div>
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