Hi Kathy, Rudi, McTim,<div><br></div><div><br></div><div>The danger of bringing up rather specialist complex arguments in a generalist forum is that things get misconstrued or misinterpreted. Let me attempt to clarify:</div>
<div><br></div><div>I disagree with Rudi. I do not want ICANN involved in cybercrime. I also do not want ICANN involved in cyberespionage. I believe Paul Twomey likely went too far in authorizing ICANN's coordinating and advisory role in Conflicker. It created a dangerous precedent. Mr. Beckstrom obviously got us involved in operations at an unacceptable level...at least to some.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Cyberwar is different.</div><div><br></div><div>There is a body of law you are subject to whether you want to be or not. Most, but not all, of international humanitarian law is directed towards state actors. There is no opt out clause. Porting IHL to cyberspace involves some pretty comical situations. When members of the Estonian Cyber Defense League engage in operations on their computer related to their national security, rather than private, function they are required to put on military uniforms even if they are sitting in their bedroom at home. Uniforms are an identifier with particular significance under IHL even, apparently, if no one can see you wearing it.</div>
<div><br></div><div>ICANN derives part of it's authority from a contract with the United States government. The United States government is the only government to have, albeit unofficially, admitted launching a cyberattack on a third country. The attack targeted military operations, no problem with war crime related IHL, although there may be problems with some other treaties concerning first strike doctrine. What if the Americans decide to do a more general attack, one that kills civilians and involves at some level playing with the root zone file to disrupt communication. What if "not involved in cyberwar" ICANN knows about this, does not direct their root server away from A, follows directions or even assists the Americans? Thousands of civilians die. War crime. I have a direct line of command from the Americans to ICANN...responsibility ensues.</div>
<div><br></div><div>McTim asks a great question. Show me how? What? I can't. We're creating law for things that haven't happened. The Tallinn Manual is guidance for things that largely have not happened. That's why it's dangerous to simply state 'we don't do cyberwar' and think you are free. It's not an opt in / opt out thing like cybercrime or cyberespionage. As I wrote, I'm happy to support David's statement today, but I just wanted to cover myself by stating I reserve the right to change my mind in the future on this one issue as doctrine develops.</div>
<div><br></div><div>ICANN acts a bit like a state. It grants property rights ( they are actually licenses). It creates law like rules (that principally benefit IP interests). Are there scenario's under which revoking or ceasing to grant domain names to certain countries could stop potential cyber conflict? Perhaps. What if hell freezes over and ICANN becomes free of the Americans, actually controls the root? A nation launches mass cyber attacks. In that scenario it could be argued that ICANN has a positive obligation to delete that nation from the root or at least not to grant it more domain names, more points of access. I could also argue the reverse. The thing is no one has started to seriously look at stuff like this yet. The process is, however, beginning.</div>
<div><br></div><div>It's a shame that ICANN doesn't establish a committee of experts to look at the many issues involved in the IHL arena. If they don't others will. These issues are not going away. I'd also suggest that if ICANN hides under the "not us" bumper sticker without engaging it will be bypassed by the international community. Russia is already using cybersecurity as a cover for it's attempts to put control of the DNS in the ITU. A bit comical for a country whose cyber weapon development program has, in part, been subcontracted to criminal organisations who then are reputed to have some freedom to engage in cybercrime against third country nationals.</div>
<div><br></div><div>It's just going to take one major attack with civilian casualties for things to change quickly. I was in Pyongyang last week and I'm pretty sure their newfound interest in expanding their connections to the physical net...well, we can only speculate.</div>
<div><br></div><div>For now, to be clear: Cyberwar is not cybersecurity, cyberespionage, cybercrime. Not all cyberwar triggers international humanitarian law. Yet if the attack so many in the military I've spoken to fear does occur ( NATO does not develop a cyberwar humanitarian law manual for fun) IHL will be triggered and the position of ICANN can not be affirmatively stated by anyone today. Including ICANN. </div>
<div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Apr 22, 2013 at 6:52 PM, Kathy Kleiman <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kathy@kathykleiman.com" target="_blank">kathy@kathykleiman.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<div>My two cents is that a) I like David's
statement and think we should sign on it, and b) I worry about
ICANN taking an operational role in cybersecurity. Frankly, I
worry about ICANN taking an operational role in just about
anything, other than IANA. I think ICANN does well within a
limited scope -- as a multistakeholder group with a narrow
technical/policy mission. <br>
<br>
I think ICANN can foster communication, even encourage good
practices such as DNSSEC. I could see ICANN as a forum for
discussion of DNS Security issues, but I am not sure how
well-suited we are to *making decisions* on cybersecurity. It
would like lead to a lot of closed meetings, in which many of us
would not be present. Like content, I think I would leave this to
other forums.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Kathy:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>I agree with Edward's proposed text, not much that I could
add to it. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>ICANN has a well defined duty and getting involved in content
debates would be more than dangerous. However, ICANN can help in
tackling the cyber-criminality if such is done by abusing the
domain name space. Some of the cyber-attacks are using the
domain name space and can create a lot of damage to the
consumers (private and business). In this perspective I'm
convinced ICANN has a collaborative task and can not just stand
aside.</div>
<br>
<div>
<span style="text-indent:0px;letter-spacing:normal;font-variant:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal;border-collapse:separate;text-transform:none;font-size:medium;white-space:normal;font-family:'Andale Mono';word-spacing:0px"><span style="line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;border-collapse:separate;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><span style="line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;border-collapse:separate;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><span style="line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;border-collapse:separate;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><span style="line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;border-collapse:separate;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:-webkit-auto;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;font-size:12px;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><font face="Geneva">Rudi
Vansnick<br>
Member NPOC policy committee</font></div>
</span></div>
</span></div>
</span></div>
</span></span>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div>Op 22-apr-2013, om 19:00 heeft Alain Berranger het volgende
geschreven:</div>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Thanks for your work David.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I agree with Edward's most interesting development. Does
Rudi have anything to say about that?<span></span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Alain<br>
<br>
On Monday, April 22, 2013, Edward Morris wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">Thanks for your work
David.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regardless of ICANN's public statements or strategic
plans, I am not sure ICANN can be in accordance with
customary International Humanitarian Law with the
statement "ICANN does not have a role in the use of the
Internet related to cyber-espionage and cyber-war" (page
7). I am equally not sure ICANN is not in accordance
with customary International Humanitarian Law with that
statement and I remain open to arguments as to whether
ICANN should be involved in these issues or could be
commanded by IG treaty or agreement to exercise
responsibilities thereof. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>These are not simple issues. ICANN is a unique
organisation that does not neatly fit into any typical,
comfortable structure. IHL, of course, is state centric
in terms of responsibility but ICANN on one, fairly
superficial level, is almost supreme being like in it's
coordination of the Internet. Cyber-espoinage, no
problem, ICANN is not involved. However, imagine a
situation where there are massive cyber attacks on
civilian infrastructures in third countries by state
actors that ICANN could operationally prevent. Mass
civilian death, mass civilian injury, mass destruction
of property and infrastructure. Mass death of
noncommercial users, mass injury of noncommercial users,
mass loss of property of noncommercial users. Do we
truly represent these people with a position of "not our
problem?"</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>ICANN is a non state actor but it's operational
coordination abilities allow those who want, and they
exist, to inpune state responsibility to it through a
number of intellectual gymnastics involving the
definition of territory and control. I doubt I'll ever
buy into those arguments and I don't think they'll ever
be majority opinion. I could be wrong. I am concerned,
though, with rules 139 (Respect for IHL), 149
(Responsibility for Violations of IHL) and 161
(International Cooperation in Criminal Proceedings) of
the ICRC's Study on Customary International Law. As of
today ICANN as a non state actor does not have any
responsibility under these rules, but as more people
examine the nature of ICANN, the ever changing role of
the GAC, the uniqueness of ICANN as it is constructed, I
can conceive of a consensus being developed in the IHL
community that extends responsibility under these rules
to ICANN as a unique non state actor. It won't happen
tomorrow, it won't happen next year, but it may happen,
and I don't want to get myself locked into a position
today that prevents me from having options several years
down the road.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>For those who haven't read it the Tallinn Manual <a href="http://www.ccdcoe.org/249.html" target="_blank">http://www.ccdcoe.org/249.html</a>
is an exceptional first effort at porting IHL into the
cyber arena. Mike Schmitt did an exceptional job at
coordinating input from some pretty diverse people in
creating the guidance, and from my perspective they did
a near perfect job for what it is. ICANN is not
mentioned in the Manual. However at cocktail discussions
in Estonia last year with some of those involved in the
project, there was an interest in thinking about ICANN
and where it fit into all of this, post Manual
production. Interest varied, many did not understand
how ICANN was constituted ( at CyCon's public sessions
it was described, variably, as an NGO, an IGO, but never
as a unique MS organisation), but as much as ICANN
would like everyone to forget about it in this context
it simply is not going to happen. The salience of
cyberwar as an issue, for reasons often having to do
more with private economic interests than security, is
going nowhere but up and there will be some response on
an international level that will impact or involve
ICANN, desired or not.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>As we exist in 2013 I'm happy to sign off on David's
statement. I do so, though, reserving the right to
change my view as events and thoughts develop and change
regarding cyberwar activities. That ICANN should not be
involved in content, obvious. That we do not want to
extend it's competence to cybercrime and cyberespionage,
of course. Certain forms of cyberwar, though, are
different in that in some areas it isn't something an
entity can or should be able to opt out of. I'm just not
personally sure today where ICANN does or should fit
into all of this. It would be a lot easier if we had
competing private Internets but until we do I have
questions in this area and reserve the right to come
back in a few years time with views that are different
than what I can accept today. These are complicated
issues and I'm not sure best handled with a bumper
sticker like perspective. Then again...</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Apr 22, 2013 at 3:36
PM, Brenden Kuerbis <span dir="ltr"><<a>bkuerbis@internetgovernance.org</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">+1, thanks David. Minor typo in last
para, "explicit acknowledge[ment]..." </div>
<div class="gmail_extra">
<br clear="all">
<div>---------------------------------------<br>
Brenden Kuerbis<br>
Internet Governance Project<br>
<a href="http://internetgovernance.org/" target="_blank">http://internetgovernance.org</a></div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Apr 22, 2013 at
8:21 AM, David Cake <span dir="ltr"><<a>dave@difference.com.au</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>This
document has been out for public comment. <a href="http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-06mar13-en.htm" target="_blank">http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-06mar13-en.htm</a>
<div>
<br>
</div>
<div><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>I've
missed the deadline on public comment for
this by a day or two, but I'd still like
to see if we can make a small comment on
it if we can.
<div><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Here
is my draft comment - if NCSG could
approve it (quickly), that would be
great, otherwise I'll just put it in as
a personal comment. </div>
<div><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Any
additions or disagreement? </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>Regards</div>
<div><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"> </span>David</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>----------</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The regular update
of the Security, Stability and
Resiliency Framework is a very
important
part of ICANNs SSR function, as
attested by its inclusion in the
Affirmation of
Commitments.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">NCSG notes the
significant effort involved in
preparing the FY13 Security, Stability
and Resiliency Plan, and the progress
towards implementing the
recommendations of the Security,
Stability and Resiliency Review Team
Report. While work so far has seen
the completion of only some
recommendations, we note planning and
progress has been made for all the
recommendations, and we appreciate the
commitment to full implementation. </p>
<div>
<br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">NCSG supports the
definition of ICANNs SSR role and
remit.
In particular, NCSG values the
acknowledgement of areas that lie
outside ICANNs
remit, and NCSG strongly agrees that
ICANNs role does not include law
enforcement or determining what
constitutes illicit conduct.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">NCSG welcomes the
explicit acknowledge of the necessity
of a
continued multistakeholder approach to
security, and notes the inclusion of
civil society within all discussions
of the Internet and security
ecosystem,
and particularly welcomes the
inclusion of engagement with civil
society on
privacy and free expression issues as
a commitment for FY14. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Alain Berranger, B.Eng, MBA
<div>Member, Board of Directors, CECI, <a href="http://www.ceci.ca/en/about-ceci/team/board-of-directors/" target="_blank">http://www.ceci.ca</a><br>
<div>Executive-in-residence, Schulich School of Business, <a href="http://www.schulich.yorku.ca/" target="_blank">www.schulich.yorku.ca</a></div>
<div>Treasurer, Global Knowledge Partnership Foundation, <a href="http://www.gkpfoundation.org/" target="_blank">www.gkpfoundation.org</a></div>
<div>NA representative, Chasquinet Foundation, <font color="#0a246a" face="'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><a href="http://www.chasquinet.org/" target="_blank">www.chasquinet.org</a></font><br>
Chair, NPOC, NCSG, ICANN, <a href="http://npoc.org/" target="_blank">http://npoc.org/</a><br>
O:<a href="tel:%2B1%20514%20484%207824" value="+15144847824" target="_blank">+1 514 484 7824</a>; M:<a href="tel:%2B1%20514%20704%207824" value="+15147047824" target="_blank">+1 514 704 7824</a><br>
Skype: alain.berranger<br>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
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</blockquote>
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